GMAT語(yǔ)法常見8大考點(diǎn)分析

GMAT語(yǔ)法SC部分考點(diǎn)眾多，各類涉及到英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的內(nèi)容都有可能出現(xiàn)在題目中，對(duì)于考生的英語(yǔ)書面語(yǔ)法能力有較高要求。而在所有考點(diǎn)中，一致性問題又是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點(diǎn)之一。本文將盤點(diǎn)GMAT語(yǔ)法中常見的8大一致性問題相關(guān)考點(diǎn)和題目。

GMAT語(yǔ)法一致性問題詳解

所謂語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。這個(gè)考點(diǎn)光從字面上來看貌似十分簡(jiǎn)單，但涉及到具體題目中卻往往會(huì)成為扣分殺手。具體來說，在GMAT語(yǔ)法中有關(guān)一致性的具體考點(diǎn)主要有以下8種：

1. 主謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)一致性

以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2. 合成主語(yǔ)必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式

由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

3. 名詞或代詞短語(yǔ)不影響單復(fù)數(shù)形式

主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

4. 復(fù)合不定代詞如何判斷單復(fù)數(shù)?

either， neither， each， every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。

如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：(1)在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

5. 關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的單復(fù)數(shù)問題

在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that， who， which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：(1)若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

6. 集體名詞單復(fù)數(shù)使用差異

如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。

如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7. 數(shù)量詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)用法

由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， themajorityof + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。

如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意：a number of“許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“……的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)是number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

8. 倒裝句中的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題

在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are thefacts.

總而言之，一致性問題作為GMAT語(yǔ)法SC的主要考點(diǎn)，還是值得考生投入一些時(shí)間精力認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇嫉?，希望上文提到的這些一致性相關(guān)考點(diǎn)，大家能夠有所了解，提前做好準(zhǔn)備，以確保語(yǔ)法部分的順利得分。